Each card shows the IADA's phenological signature, cropping intensity
breakdown, published authority schedule, and a one-paragraph
interpretation. Twelve mini month cells show the assigned phase by
colour and mean NDVI for that calendar month averaged 2020-2025.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.71
Feb0.54
Mar0.30
Apr0.23
May0.19
Jun0.45
Jul0.64
Aug0.69
Sep0.43
Oct0.20
Nov0.25
Dec0.61
Cropping intensity (v1 inheritance)
Single: 283 · Double: 2,195 ·
Unknown: 800
Authority schedule
Type: Double-cropping (Musim Utama + Musim Luar).
Main: Aug-Jan · Off: Feb-Jul.
Source: MADA Cropping Calendar 2025; Wong et al.
(2017). Synchronised water release via Pedu and Muda dams.
Cross-validation excellent
Textbook double-cropping. Musim Utama planted Sep-Oct → peak Jan
(harvest Feb), then Musim Luar planted May-Jun → peak Aug
(harvest Sep). Two flood troughs in May + Oct align with the
published cropping windows within ±1 month. Highest amplitude
(0.52) of any IADA — the synchronised water management of
Malaysia's premier granary visible directly in the satellite signal.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.28
Feb0.48
Mar0.63
Apr0.59
May0.46
Jun0.35
Jul0.32
Aug0.51
Sep0.68
Oct0.61
Nov0.34
Dec0.25
Cropping intensity
Single: 250 · Double: 83 · Unknown: 241
Authority schedule
Type: Mixed double + single (recently shifted toward single).
Main: Aug-Feb · Off: Mar-Jul (declining area).
Source: KADA Annual Report 2024.
Eastern Kelantan, drought-prone.
Cross-validation timing shift
Two clear NDVI cycles (peaks Mar + Sep), but timing shifted 2-3
months earlier than the published Aug-Feb / Mar-Jul windows.
The north-east monsoon (Nov-Feb) likely forces farmers to plant
OUTSIDE the official window — Off-season Mar-Jun → Sep harvest;
Main-season Oct-Dec → Mar harvest. The data reveals operational
practice that diverges from the historical schedule.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.53
Feb0.39
Mar0.28
Apr0.39
May0.51
Jun0.64
Jul0.57
Aug0.43
Sep0.30
Oct0.42
Nov0.58
Dec0.65
Cropping intensity
Single: 606 · Double: 424 · Unknown: 390
Authority schedule
Type: Mixed single + double.
Main: Sep-Feb · Off: Mar-Aug (irrigation supplemented).
Source: IADA Kerian schedule, northern Perak design.
Cross-validation excellent
The cleanest 6-month rotation in the entire system — peaks Jun + Dec,
troughs Mar + Sep, exactly half a year apart. Despite the v1 label
tilting toward single-crop (606 vs 424), the IADA-average NDVI shows
BOTH cycles active across the irrigated area. Aligns with the
published Sep-Feb (main) + Mar-Aug (off) windows within ±1 month.
IADA Barat Laut Selangor
bls
Monthly phenology
Jan0.41
Feb0.34
Mar0.45
Apr0.49
May0.55
Jun0.42
Jul0.38
Aug0.33
Sep0.43
Oct0.50
Nov0.53
Dec0.52
Cropping intensity
Single: 404 · Double: 24 · Unknown: 142
Authority schedule
Type: Single-cropping dominant.
Main: Mar-Aug (Sungai Selangor-fed) · Off: Limited (water-stressed).
Source: Selangor agriculture department.
Cross-validation partial
Lowest amplitude of any major IADA (0.23) — confirms shallow
flooding. The Selangor River pumped supply doesn't drop fields
to deep negative NDVI like MADA's deep-bunded paddies. Authority
says single-crop dominant but data shows two cycles (May + Nov):
some BLS parcels run an opportunistic off-season when water permits.
Despite the modest swing, BLS has the lowest year-to-year variance
of any IADA (σ 0.053) — modest signal but reliable.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.65
Feb0.44
Mar0.28
Apr0.28
May0.38
Jun0.63
Jul0.66
Aug0.54
Sep0.36
Oct0.30
Nov0.45
Dec0.70
Cropping intensity
Single: 237 · Double: 1,059 · Unknown: 284
Authority schedule
Type: Double-cropping.
Main: Aug-Jan · Off: Feb-Jul.
Source: Pulau Pinang DOA cropping calendar.
Small but intensive double-crop zone on northwestern Penang mainland.
Cross-validation excellent
Textbook double-cropping. Jul peak (off-season harvest) → Sep-Oct
land-prep → Dec main-season peak. Aligns with the published Aug-Jan
main and Feb-Jul off windows within ±1 month. 67% of PP parcels are
double-cropping in v1's label — confirmed in the NDVI signature.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.38
Feb0.39
Mar0.46
Apr0.53
May0.58
Jun0.53
Jul0.41
Aug0.33
Sep0.43
Oct0.54
Nov0.63
Dec0.58
Cropping intensity
Single: 106 · Double: 88 · Unknown: 93
Authority schedule
Type: Mixed (double on better-drained, single on flood-prone).
Main: Sep-Feb · Off: Mar-Aug.
Source: IADA Seberang Perak schedule.
Cross-validation good
Two cycles: May + Nov peaks, with the August land-prep window the
most synchronised feature (year-to-year σ just 0.013 — lowest single-month
variance of any IADA). The cropping label split (106 single / 88
double) suggests different parcels do different cycles; the IADA
average shows both. Aligns with published windows within ±1 month.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.39
Feb0.55
Mar0.63
Apr0.56
May0.48
Jun0.45
Jul0.43
Aug0.56
Sep0.67
Oct0.63
Nov0.47
Dec0.37
Cropping intensity
Single: 575 · Double: 101 · Unknown: 264
Authority schedule
Type: Single-cropping dominant.
Main: Aug-Feb · Off: Limited.
Source: IADA Kemasin-Semerak schedule.
Kelantan east coast, drought + flood risk.
Cross-validation mismatch
Authority says single-crop dominant but the IADA-average shows two
NDVI peaks (Mar + Sep). Explanation: per-parcel asynchrony
— many KS parcels do single cycles but on DIFFERENT schedules
(some plant Mar-Aug, others Aug-Feb), so the average shows both
peaks even when individual parcels only crop once. The 80.6% audit
pass rate reflects this irregularity — KS is heterogeneous, not
mistracked.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.37
Feb0.36
Mar0.38
Apr0.51
May0.61
Jun0.55
Jul0.41
Aug0.30
Sep0.35
Oct0.55
Nov0.65
Dec0.59
Cropping intensity
Single: 91 · Double: 91 · Unknown: 98
Authority schedule
Type: Mixed single + double.
Main: Sep-Feb · Off: Mar-Aug (where pumped).
Source: IADA Sungai Manik (Perak central).
Pumped irrigation from Bernam River.
Cross-validation good
Near-perfectly even cropping split (91 single / 91 double). Two cycles
May + Nov visible. Aug land-prep window exceptionally synchronised
(year-to-year σ 0.010, lowest single-month variance of any IADA)
— pumped-irrigation discipline from the Bernam River source visible
in the data. Aligns with the published Sep-Feb + Mar-Aug windows.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.23
Feb0.49
Mar0.70
Apr0.67
May0.48
Jun0.35
Jul0.31
Aug0.45
Sep0.70
Oct0.65
Nov0.45
Dec0.28
Cropping intensity
Single: 107 · Double: 186 · Unknown: 167
Authority schedule
Type: Double-cropping.
Main: Jul-Dec · Off: Jan-Jun.
Source: IADA Ketara (Terengganu) schedule.
Newest IADA (2010s development); modernised infrastructure.
Cross-validation timing shift
The textbook modern double-cropping IADA — two EXACTLY-EQUAL peaks
(Mar 0.70, Sep 0.70), synchronised land-prep in Jan and Jul.
Amplitude 0.47 is the second-highest in the system. However the
schedule has shifted 1-3 months earlier than the published Jul-Dec /
Jan-Jun windows — likely an operational adjustment to plant ahead of
the north-east monsoon. The data reveals modern synchronised water
management still operating with discipline.
Monthly phenology
Jan0.43
Feb0.51
Mar0.49
Apr0.51
May0.55
Jun0.56
Jul0.55
Aug0.58
Sep0.55
Oct0.52
Nov0.50
Dec0.43
Cropping intensity
Single: 198 · Double: 11 · Unknown: 38
Authority schedule
Type: Single-cropping.
Main: Apr-Sep · Off: None (rain-fed).
Source: IADA Rompin (Pahang). Flood-prone east coast.
Cross-validation excellent (timing)
NDVI is nearly flat year-round (always between 0.43 and 0.58, amplitude
just 0.15) with a barely-detectable peak in August. Aligns with the
published Apr-Sep main season → Aug peak biologically expected.
However the persistent ground cover (weeds + rice mixed) means the
NDVI never returns to a flood-low. The 40.9% audit pass rate reflects
this rain-fed asynchrony — not a v4 boundary defect.
